High-quality Formation of Cistanches Herba： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

With the continuous development of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， the requirement for the quality of Chinese medicines has become increasingly higher since they have been widely used in clinical practice. Chinese medicinal materials are the material basis for the inheritance and development of TCM， and their quality directly affects the clinical efficacy. Studying the quality of Chinese medicinal materials is the key to ensure the quality and realize the large-scale application. As one of rare Chinese medicinal materials， Cistanches Herba has the functions of tonifying kidney yang， invigorating blood and essence， moistening intestines to relieve constipation. High-quality Cistanches Herba is characterized by glossy appearance， high density， fleshy and soft texture， and sweet taste. With the reduction of wild resources， the products from cultivated Cistanche deserticola or C. tubulosa become dominant on the market of Cistanches Herba. The cultivation areas are widely distributed， mainly concentrated in Gansu， Inner Mongolia， and Xinjiang. However， the cultivated products have varied quality due to the differences in germplasm， producing region， cultivation method， harvesting， and processing. According to the theories of quality evaluation based on morphological characteristics and excellent appearance indicating high quality， this paper reviewed the literature on the quality evaluation， growth， development， and processing of Cistanches Herba in the last decade to explore the main factors （genetic characteristics， environmental conditions， and harvesting and processing factors） affecting the quality of Cistanches Herba. The review aims to explore the factors for the high quality and provide a reference for the producing region screening， directional cultivation， and production of Cistanches Herba.

Preliminary development of Health Literacy Evaluation Scale for Pupils / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To preliminarily develop Health Literacy Scale for pupils, providing a tool for dynamic monitoring and related health literacy research among pupils.@*Methods@#Through policy and literature review, the health literacy evaluation index system of pupils was established. Through two rounds of expert consultation, the evaluation index system and scale item pool of three levels in primary school were formed, and "Evaluation Scale 1.0" was developed. Through two panel discussions, health education experts, teachers and students were invited to provide advices on the content, expression and structure of scale 1.0, turning it into "Evaluation Scale 2.0", and completing the preliminary development of the scale.@*Results@#The health literacy assessment index system of primary school students includes three levels，including level-1 was Grade 1-2, level-2 was Grade 3-4,level-3 was Grade 5-6, covering two level indexes. The scale for primary school students contained five horizontal dimensions and four vertical dimensions. In the Delphi consultation, the response rate was 100%, and the authority coefficient was 0.85. After item selection and modification, the final version of level-1, level-2 and level-3 scales contained 36, 44 and 50 items respectively.@*Conclusion@#The development of Health Literacy Evaluation Scale for pupils has high applicability and practical value.

Regulatory effect of acupuncture on electrical activity level of optic cortex in amblyopia model rats / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To explore the abnormal changes in neuroelectric activity in the primary visual cortex of rats deprived of vision in one eye and to investigate the regulatory effect of acupuncture in the sensitive period on the abnormal coding and conduction of electrical signals of rats' optic neurons.Methods: Sixty 14-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, an early-stage acupuncture group, a middle-stage acupuncture group, and a late-stage acupuncture group, with 12 rats in each group. Rats in every group except the blank group received right eyelid suturing to create a monocular deprivation model in the sensitive period of visual development (from the day rats open their eyes to the 45th day after their birth). Rats in the three acupuncture groups started to undergo acupuncture respectively on the 3rd, 12th, and 21st days after the model replication was done, with each group receiving nine-day treatment. The activity level of the neuroelectrical signal of the primary visual cortex in each group, including the latency and amplitude of P100 wave, average discharge frequency and amplitude of neurons, the power spectral density (PSD), and interspike interval (ISI), were measured by neuroelectric evaluation technology after the acupuncture treatment was finished. Results: Compared with the blank group, the latency of P100 wave in the visual center of vision-deprived eyes was significantly prolonged, and the amplitude was significantly reduced (P<0.05); the average discharge frequency and amplitude of the neurons in the visual cortex also decreased significantly (P<0.05); PSD decreased and ISI was prolonged significantly (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the abnormal electrical activity of optic neurons in the three acupuncture groups ameliorated, the latency of P100 shortened, and the amplitude of P100 increased (P<0.05), the discharge frequency and amplitude increased significantly (P<0.05), the PSD reduced, and the ISI shortened (P<0.05). In addition, among the three acupuncture groups, the early-stage acupuncture group had the best effect on various indicators. Conclusion: Abnormal electrophysiological activity is significant in the visual center of vision-deprived rats, and acupuncture treatment in the sensitive period of visual development can enhance the bioelectrical activity of visual nerve cells, improve the efficiency of optic nerve conduction, and regulate the inhibition and retardation of visual response caused by visual deprivation.

Identification and Genetic Variation Analysis of Wild and Cultivated Germplasm of Angelica sinensis Based on cp DNA / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo conduct genetic variation analysis of 11 cultivars and 7 wild populations of Angelica sinensis in Gansu province based on the chloroplast gene （cp DNA）， and provide references for germplasm identification and breeding of new cultivars of A. sinensis. MethodThree pairs of cp DNA primers were used for polymerase chain reaction （PCR） amplification and sequencing of A. sinensis samples. MegaX was used to perform statistics on sequence characteristics and calculate mean genetic distances among A. sinensis populations. Unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means （UPGMA） clustering tree based on genetic distance was constructed by NTSYS 2.10e. DanSP v6 was used to calculate sequence polymorphism and Tajima's D of A. sinensis. PERMUT was used to calculate the population structure of A. sinensis. Arlequin v3.5 was used to perform molecular variation analysis， and PopART1.7 was used to construct TCS haplotype network. ResultThree pairs of cp DNA primers were amplified， sequenced， compared， and combined to give a sequence length of 1 759 bp. One variable site was detected in the wild A. sinensis and 480 variable sites were detected in the cultivated A. sinensis， including 97 singleton variable sites， 383 parsimony informative sites， and 152 insertion-deletion sites. In the three regions of matK， psbA-trnH， and rbcL of cp DNA in the wild and cultivated A. sinensis， matK was the region with the highest polymorphism. Tajima’s D of all the combined sequences of A. sinensis were not significantly negative， but psbA-trnH and rbcL genes of the cultivated A. sinensis were significantly negative， indicating that the A. sinensis followed neutral evolution on a whole， while psbA-trnH and rbcL genes had undergone selection. The degree of genetic differentiation （Fst=0） among wild populations was lower than that among cultivated populations （Fst=0.114 19， P<0.05）. The degree of genetic differentiation between wild and cultivated A. sinensis was relatively high （Fst=0.942 55， P<0.01）. Genetic variation in the cultivated A. sinensis was mainly found within the populations （89%）. UPGMA cluster tree based on genetic distance showed that the wild A. sinensis and the cultivated A. sinensis were clustered into one branch， respectively， with a distant genetic relationship， and the population 3 in the cultivated A. sinensis was far from other cultivated populations. The TCS haplotype network consisted of 15 haplotypes and 4 unknown haplotypes， which was divided into 3 parts， with a large number of variations among each part. Shared haplotypes were only found in the wild or cultivated groups， and there were no shared haplotypes between groups. ConclusionThe genetic diversity of A. sinensis was low at species level， and the population diversity of the wild was lower than that of the cultivated. The degree of genetic differentiation between the wild and the cultivated A. sinensis was high， but that in the wild and the cultivated populations were low. Genetic variation in the cultivated A. sinensis was mainly found within populations.

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Isatis indigotica Germplasm Materials by Chloroplast DNA Variation and ISSR Molecular Marker / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo analyze the sequence variation and genetic diversity of 47 Isatis indigotica germplasm materials， and carry out the study on the genetic differentiation and structure. MethodGenomic DNA of 47 I. indigotica germplasm materials were extracted by kit extraction method. Two chloroplast DNA （cp DNA） sequences and five inter-simple sequence repeat （ISSR） primers were used for amplification and sequencing. Chromas， Mega 7.0， DanSP5， and GenALEx were used to calibrate， splice， and analyze the sequence characteristics. PERMUT and PopGen 1.31 were used to analyze the genetic diversity parameters and genetic structure， and NTSYS was used to obtain the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means（UPGMA） clustering tree plot of 47 I. indigotica germplasm materials. ResultA total of 129 samples from 47 I. indigotica germplasm materials were successfully amplified and sequenced. The length of 2 cp DNA sequences after spliced was 1 412 bp， and there were 377 polymorphic variation loci， and 36 haplotypes. Fu and Li's D* test was significant （P<0.01）. The values of Pi， HS， and HT based on cp DNA were 0.119 89， 0.787， and 0.891， respectively. The genetic differentiation coefficients of gene differentiation coefficient（Gst）， nucleotide differentiation coefficient（Nst）， and fixation index（Fst） were 0.117， 0.468， and 0.488， respectively， and the gene flow （Nm） was 0.615. The mean values of PPB， Shannon information diversity index（I）， Nei's genetic diversity index（H）， and Gst based on ISSR were 78.85%， 0.334 8， 0.218 6， and 0.754 4， respectively， and the Nm value was 0.162 8. ConclusionI. indigotica has high genetic diversity and abundant haplotypes at the species level， with abundant haplotypes. Genetic differentiation among different germplasm materials is obvious， and gene exchange is not frequent. Genetic variation mainly exists among populations. The population has accumulated various low-frequency gene mutations recently， suggesting that it has experienced significant regional expansion in the history.

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Isatis indigotica Germplasm Materials by Chloroplast DNA Variation and ISSR Molecular Marker / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo analyze the sequence variation and genetic diversity of 47 Isatis indigotica germplasm materials， and carry out the study on the genetic differentiation and structure. MethodGenomic DNA of 47 I. indigotica germplasm materials were extracted by kit extraction method. Two chloroplast DNA （cp DNA） sequences and five inter-simple sequence repeat （ISSR） primers were used for amplification and sequencing. Chromas， Mega 7.0， DanSP5， and GenALEx were used to calibrate， splice， and analyze the sequence characteristics. PERMUT and PopGen 1.31 were used to analyze the genetic diversity parameters and genetic structure， and NTSYS was used to obtain the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means（UPGMA） clustering tree plot of 47 I. indigotica germplasm materials. ResultA total of 129 samples from 47 I. indigotica germplasm materials were successfully amplified and sequenced. The length of 2 cp DNA sequences after spliced was 1 412 bp， and there were 377 polymorphic variation loci， and 36 haplotypes. Fu and Li's D* test was significant （P<0.01）. The values of Pi， HS， and HT based on cp DNA were 0.119 89， 0.787， and 0.891， respectively. The genetic differentiation coefficients of gene differentiation coefficient（Gst）， nucleotide differentiation coefficient（Nst）， and fixation index（Fst） were 0.117， 0.468， and 0.488， respectively， and the gene flow （Nm） was 0.615. The mean values of PPB， Shannon information diversity index（I）， Nei's genetic diversity index（H）， and Gst based on ISSR were 78.85%， 0.334 8， 0.218 6， and 0.754 4， respectively， and the Nm value was 0.162 8. ConclusionI. indigotica has high genetic diversity and abundant haplotypes at the species level， with abundant haplotypes. Genetic differentiation among different germplasm materials is obvious， and gene exchange is not frequent. Genetic variation mainly exists among populations. The population has accumulated various low-frequency gene mutations recently， suggesting that it has experienced significant regional expansion in the history.

Effect of convalescent plasma and immunoglobulin on patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome: a systematic review / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To systematically review evidence for the effect of convalescent plasma and immunoglobulin on treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and further provide advice on the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods:Clinical studies of convalescent plasma and immunoglobulin in the treatment of SARS were collected from a variety of databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, and CBM from November 2002 to March 2020. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted the data, and assessed the risk of bias based on the national institute for health and clinical excellence case series quality scale, and systematically evaluated the results.Results:A total of 10 clinical studies, including 212 patients, were eventually included. There were 4 case series studies, 5 case reports and 1 case-control study. Most studies were with low or very low quality. The systematic analysis showed that 107 patients administered convalescent plasma and 16 patients used immunoglobulin during the treatment of SARS. Forty-nine patients were definitely not treated with the above two methods, and the remaining 40 patients were not reported clearly. The treatment of convalescent plasma and immunoglobulin could both improve the symptoms and reduce the mortality (12 died), and most SARS patients got better, while 11 SARS patients who did not receive the above therapies died.Conclusions:Convalescent plasma and immunoglobulin were effective on relieving symptoms of SARS patients. However, due to low quality and lacking of control group, convalescent plasma and immunoglobulin should be used with caution to treat COVID-19 patients.

Intervention of acupuncture on abnormal spatiotemporal pattern of visual cortex area 17 neuron in monocular deprivation amblyopia rats / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To preliminarily explore the electrophysiological mechanism of acupuncture on plasticity variability of visual cortex.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty 14-day-old Wistar rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, an early-stage acupuncture group, a middle-stage acupuncture group and a late-stage acupuncture group, 10 rats in each one. Except the blank group, the rats in the remaining groups were treated with eyelid suture to establish the model of monocular deprivation amblyopia. After model establishment, the rats in the blank group and model group were grasped without any intervention everyday. The rats in the acupuncture groups were treated with acupuncture at bilateral "Jingming" (BL 1), "Cuanzhu" (BL 2), "Fengchi" (GB 20) and "Guangming" (GB 37) on the 3rd, 12th and 21st days into model establishment. The needles were retained for 10 min, once a day for totally 9 days. After treatment, the M-NEMEA technology was applied to measure the discharge amplitude and power spectral density of visual cortex area 17 neuron of each group.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the blank group, the number of discharged neuron of visual cortex area 17 was reduced, and the amplitude was significantly reduced in the model group (both<0.05). Compared with the model group, the numbers of discharged neuron were increased, and the amplitudes were significantly increased in the early-stage acupuncture group and middle-stage acupuncture group (all<0.05). The neuron discharge amplitude in the early-stage acupuncture group was higher than those in the middle-stage acupuncture group and late-stage acupuncture group (both<0.05); the neuron discharge amplitude in the middle-stage acupuncture group was higher than that in the late-stage acupuncture group (<0.05). In the 120-second time domain of acquisition, the distribution of power spectral density in the blank group was mainly between -105 dB and -100 dB; compared with the blank group, the power spectral density in the model group was increased and distributed between -132 dB and -124 dB; compared with the model group, the power spectral densities in the acupuncture groups was reduced and distributed between -115 dB and -110 dB in the early-stage acupuncture group, -120 dB and -115 dB in the middle-stage acupuncture group and -129 dB and -122 dB in the late-stage acupuncture group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>There are abnormal changes of spatiotemporal pattern in visual cortex area 17 of monocular deprivation rats, but acupuncture can regulate abnormal spatiotemporal pattern of neuron. Therefore, there is developmental plasticity of visual cortex neuron in the sensitive period, and early treatment is key to superior efficacy.</p>

Investigation of Akebiae Caulis and Clematidis Armandii Caulis / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To investigate the circulation and use of Akebiae Caulis and Clematidis Armandii Caulis;To provide references for clinical safe medication. Methods Literature review, field survey and telephone interview were used to conduct the investigation. Results ① The market currency of the Akebiae Caulis and Clematidis Armandii Caulis was very confused, and the mainly medicinal materials on the market were Clematidis Armandii Caulis. ② The majority used medicinal materials were Clematidis Armandii Caulis, and Akebiae Caulis was rarely used. ③ The Chinese Pharmacopoeia collected Akebiae Caulis and Clematidis Armandii Caulis separately, but there was phenomenon of using Clematidis Armandii Caulis replacing of Akebiae Caulis. Conclusion Market of Akebiae Caulis is shrinking; the phenomenon of using Clematidis Armandii Caulis to replace Akebiae Caulis widespread in clinic. There are differences in the efficacy of Akebiae Caulis and Clematidis Armandii Caulis, so they should be distinguished and cannot be used to mix or substitute.

Regulation of acupuncture on NMDAR1 mRNA expression in visual cortex of monocularly-deprived rats / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To explore the molecular biological mechanism of acupuncture in intervening visual deprivation. Methods: Forty-eight 2-week old Wistar rats were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, and 6 acupuncture groups (group C1: acupuncture at the unaffected side in early stage; group C2: acupuncture at the affected side in early stage; group D1: acupuncture at the unaffected side in mid-stage; group D2: acupuncture at the affected side in mid-stage; group E1: acupuncture at the unaffected side in late stage; group E2: acupuncture at the affected side in late stage) by the random number table, 6 rats in each group. Rats in the normal group didn’t receive any interventions. The rat model of deprivation amblyopia was established by unilateral eyelid suture in the model group and each acupuncture group. After successful modeling, rats in model group didn’t receive any treatments; rats in the acupuncture groups received acupuncture intervention which began respectively on the 3rd, 12th and 21st day after modeling. Pattern visual evoked potential (P-VEP) and N-methy D-aspartatreceptor-1 (NMDAR1) mRNA expression in visual cortex area 17 were detected at the end of acupuncture intervention in each group. Results: After the intervention, the P-VEP waveform was significantly changed, with a significantly delayed P100 value (P0.05). Conclusion: P-VEP waveform is abnormal and NMDAR1 mRNA expression in visual cortex area 17 is decreased in rats with monocularly-deprived amblyopia. Acupuncture in the sensitive period can significantly regulate the abnormal P-VEP waveform and the down-regulate the NMDAR1 mRNA expression of the visual cortex of rats with monocularly-deprived amblyopia. Early treatment in the sensitive period should be the key to obtaining the curative effect.

Study on intervention mechanism of acupuncture for neuron abnormal neural coding in visual cortex area 17 of monocular deprivation rats / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To investigate the electrophysiological mechanism of acupuncture for the visual cortex plasticity during the sensitive period. Methods: Fifty 2-week-old Wistar rats were randomly divided into a blank control group, a model group, an early-stage acupuncture group, a middle-stage acupuncture group and a late-stage acupuncture group, 10 rats in each group. Monocular deprivation amblyopia models were prepared in rats except those in the blank control group by unilateral eyelid suture. After successful modeling, no treatment was applied to the rats in the model group. Rats in each acupuncture group were treated with acupuncture at bilateral Jingming (BL 1), Cuanzhu (BL 2), Fengchi (GB 20) and Guangming (GB 37), started from the 3rd day, 12th day or 21st day after modeling separately, once a day, for a total of 9 d treatment. The neuronal discharge frequency and action potential inter-spike interval (ISI) in the rat visual cortex area 17 of each group were measured by multi-channel microelectrode array nerve signal technique. Results: The discharge number of neurons in the visual cortex of the model group was significantly lower than that in the blank control group (P0.05). The discharge number in the middle-stage acupuncture group was lower than that in the early-stage acupuncture group (P<0.05), and the discharge number of the late-stage acupuncture group was lower than that in the middle-stage acupuncture group (P<0.05). The ISI sequences of the visual cortex neurons were mainly distributed under 0.3 s in the blank control group, under 15 s in the model group, under 1 s in the early-stage acupuncture group, under 4 s in the middle-stage acupuncture group, and under 10 s in the late-stage acupuncture group, divergent in each group. Conclusion: The neuronal coding appears abnormality in the visual cortex area 17 of monocular deprivation rats, indicating that there is a plasticity change in the visual cortex neurons during the sensitive period. Acupuncture has a significant effect on the abnormal neural coding. The therapeutic efficacy is closely related to the stage to start the treatment. Early stage treatment in the sensitive period is the key to achieving the good efficacy.

Market Research and Comparative Study on Genuine and Conventionally Used Ligustici Rhizoma et Radix / 中国中医药信息杂志

Through detailed investigation of the market circulation of Ligustici Rhizoma et Radix, at the same time, this article collected relevant articles, conducted comparative study on genuine and conventionally used Ligustici Rhizoma et Radix from the aspects of textual research, functions, chemical composition and pharmacological effect, and discussed the results of the study.

Research Progress in Mechanism of Moxibustion in Regulation of Immune Function in Rheumatoid Arthritis / 中国中医药信息杂志

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease. Moxibustion treatment for RA has significant efficacy, with high security and without dependency. It can alleviate the symptoms and make the body gradually return to normal level of immunity at the same time. This article reviewed the study on mechanism of moxibustion for the treatment of RA in recent years from the aspects of innate immunity, humeral immunity, cellular immunity, cytokines and immune organs, discussed the existing problems in relevant study, and provided a basis for clinic and future research.

Theoretic analysis of Professor Shao Jing-ming's 'Three-acupoint and Five-needle Method' for asthma / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

'Three-acupoint and Five-needle Method' is a summary of Prof. Shao Jing-ming's clinical experience in the treatment of asthma for years. It is used to alleviate asthma during seizure and to improve the pulmonary functions, strengthen the body constitution and prevent recurrence in the remission stage. This article introduces the theoretic source and basic principle, and concrete operating method, i.e. puncturing bilateral Feishu (BL 13), Dazhui (GV 14) and bilateral Fengmen (BL 12), and adding acupoints based upon pattern identification, in combination of moxibustion and cupping therapy for promoting the clinical application of this method.

Phylogenetic and Morphological Identification of the Novel Pathogen of Rheum palmatum Leaf Spot in Gansu, China

A new leaf spot disease was observed on leaves of Rheum palmatum (Chinese rhubarb) in Northwest China (Gansu Province) starting in 2005. A Septoria-like fungus was isolated and completion of Koch's postulates confirmed that the fungus was the casual agent of the leaf spot disease. Morphology and molecular methods were combined to identify the pathogen. The fungus produced conidiomata pycnidia and the conidia were 2~5 septate, 61.2~134.1 µm in length and 3.53~5.3 µm in width, which is much larger than the known Spetoria species that infects Polygonaceae species. Phylogenic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region confirmed that this Spetoria-like fungus is within the Spetoria genus but distinct from known Spetoria species. Together, these morphological and phylogenetic data support that the R. palmatum infecting Spetoria strain is a newly-described plant pathogenic species.

MicroRNAs integrates pathogenic signaling to control endothelial-mesenchymal transition in pulmonary hypertension：results of a network bioinformatic approach / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore micro RNAs-integrated pathogenic signaling to control endothelial-mesenchy-mal transition ( EndMT ) in pulmonary hypertension ( PH) by a network bioinformatic approach. Methods Literature-mining method was used to find PH-relat-ed genes and EndMT/EMT-related miRNAs. Bioinfor-matic prediction approach ( DIANA3 , Miranda4 , PicT-ar5 , TargetScan6 , miRDB7 and microT-CDS8 ) was used for miRNA target prediction. Hypergeometric a-nalysis was used to predict miRNAs related to EndMT in PH. The analysis of interactions between PH-rele-vant genes( PH network) was performed with the use of Biological General Repository for Interaction Datasets ( BioGRID ) . These miRNAs were ranked with the highest probability of substantial overlap among their gene targets in the PH-network, the relationship be-tween their targets and the PH functional categories which include hypoxia, inflammation, and transforming growth factor/BMP signaling. Then, the part of results was validated by animal experiment. Lastly the miR-NA-Target network was built using Cytocape 3 . Results List of 230 genes was compiled that were directly im-plicated in the development of PH and 189 miRNAs were related to EndMT in PH. Among 189 miRNAs, only 22 microRNAs(miR-let-7 family, miR-124, miR-130 family, miR-135, miR-144, miR-149, miR-155, miR-16-1, miR-17, miR-181 family, miR-182, miR-200 family, miR-204, miR-205, miR-21, miR-224, miR-27, miR-29 family, miR-301a, miR-31, miR-361 and miR-375) were related to hypoxia, inflamma-tion, and transforming growth factor/BMP signaling. Among these miRNAs, the levels of let-7g, miR-21, miR-124 and miR-130 family were significantly changed in the pulmonary artery in hypoxia-induced PH rats. Conclusions Among numerous miRNAs,22 of which may be involved in hypoxia, inflammation, and transforming growth factor/BMP signaling and re-lated to EndMT in PH by network bioinformatic ap-proach, which provides a theoretical basis for further investigation of EndMT in PH.

Calpain mediated pulmonary vascular remodeling in hypoxia induced pulmonary hypertension / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the role of calpain in pulmonary vascular remodeling in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension and the underlying mechanisms.
@*METHODS@#Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the hypoxia group and the normoxia control group. Right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) were monitored by a method with right external jugular vein cannula. Right ventricular hypertrophy index was presented as the ratio of right ventricular weight to left ventricular weight (left ventricle plus septum weight). Levels of calpain-1, -2 and -4 mRNA in pulmonary artery were determined by real-time PCR. Levels of calpain-1, -2 and -4 protein were determined by Western blot. Primary rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were divided into 4 groups: a normoxia control group, a normoxia+MDL28170 group, a hypoxia group and a hypoxia+MDL28170 group. Cell proliferation was detected by MTS and flow cytometry. Levels of Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) mRNA were determined by real-time PCR.
@*RESULTS@#RVSP, mPAP and right ventricular remodeling index were significantly elevated in the hypoxia group compared to those in the normoxia group. In the hypoxia group, pulmonary vascular remodeling was significantly developed, accompanied by up-regulation of calpain-1, -2 and -4. MDL28170 significantly inhibited hypoxia-induced proliferation of PASMCs concomitant with the suppression of Ki-67 and PCNA mRNA expression.
@*CONCLUSION@#Calpain mediates vascular remodeling via promoting proliferation of PASMCs in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension.

Comparative Study on 7 Indicative Constituents of Wild and Cultivated Gentiana officinalis / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To compare the contents of loganic acid,swertiamarin,6′-O-β-D-glucosyl gentiopicroside,gentiopi-croside,sweroside,isoorientin and isovitexin in wild and cultivated Gentiana officinalis,and to provide basis for rational use of G. officinalis. METHODS:UPLC method was adopted. The separation was performed on ACQUITY UPLC? BEH C18 column (50 mm × 2.1 mm,1.7 μm) with mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.04% phosphoric acid (gradient elution) at the flow rate of 0.3 ml/min. The detection wavelength was set at 242 nm,and column temperature was 30 ℃. RESULTS:For loganic acid,swertiama-rin,6′-O-β- D-glucosyl gentiopicroside,gentiopicroside,sweroside,isoorientin and isovitexin,a good linearity was obtained in the range of 2.1-537.1 μg,1.05-270 μg,0.92-236 μg,11.1-2 830 μg,0.75-192 μg,0.167-102 μg,0.216-52.80 μg(r≥0.999 5), respectively. Their average recoveries were 97.72%-99.84%(RSD≤3.39%,n=6). The contents of loganic acid,swertiamarin, 6′-O-β-D-glucosyl gentiopicroside,gentiopicroside,sweroside and isoorientin in the wild sample were higher than in the cultivat-ed;the content of isovitexin was lower than the cultivated,but there was no statistical significance(P>0.05). The sum of gentiopi-croside and loganin acid content were all higher than 2.5% in both wild and cultivated samples,and met the requirements of 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(first part). CONCLUSIONS:The content difference of 7 indicative constituents in wild and cul-tivated G. officinalis is not statistically significant,and the indicative constituents of the pharmacopoeia is qualified.

Clinical Study on Trigger Points Combined with Acupoints by Acupuncture for Subjective ;Tinnitus / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To assess the therapeutic efficacy of trigger points (TrPs) combined with acupoints by acupuncture for subjective tinnitus (ST);To discuss the correlation of TrPs acupuncture inactivation and the releasing of symptom. Methods Sixty patients with ST were randomly divided into trial group and control group, 30 cases in each group. Those in trial group were acupunctured by TrPs combined with acupoints, and those in control group received regular acupuncture treatment. The scores of tinnitus severity assessment were available for effect evaluation after 3 treatment course. The size and tenderness degree of TrPs contraction knots were checked, and TrPs local thermal infrared spectrum was compared by infrared camera. Results The post-treatment tinnitus severity scores had significant difference compared with pre-therapy in each group (P0.05). Conclusion TrPs combined with acupoints by acupuncture for ST patients are better than conventional acupoints in improving clinical symptoms. The deactivation of TrPs is closely related to tinnitus symptoms, therefore, temperature and tenderness of TrPs can be employed to assist in the diagnosis, or evaluated the tinnitus severity and therapeutic efficacy.

Randomized Control Study of Zheng’s Gold Hook Fishing Acupuncture for Treatment of Scapulohumeral Periarthritis / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To observe the efficacy of Zheng’s “gold hook fishing acupuncture” in the treatment of scapulohumeral periarthritis. Methods Sixty patients were randomly divided into gold hook fishing group and reinforcing-reducing group, with 30 cases in each group. Gold hook fishing group chose the main points from the Tianzong (SI11), Bingfeng (SI12), Jiajixue (double EX-B2), Binao (LI14), Jianyu (LI15), Jianliao (SJ14), Jianzhen (SI9), Ashi, Naoshu (SI10), Quchi (LI11), Waiguan (SJ5), Hegu (LI4), Houxi (SI3), Tiaokou (ST38) and Chengshan (BL57). Needles were pierced at tendon junction points and Ashi points, and golden hook fishing acupuncture was operated. Other points were given reinforcing-reducing method. The reinforcing-reducing group was treated with reinforcing-reducing method at points the same as gold hook fishing group. Patients were treated once a day for 2 courses, 5 days as a treatment course. The pain visual analogue scale (VAS), shoulder range of motion (ROM), and ability of daily life (ADL) were observed before and after treatment to evaluate the clinical efficacy. Results The total effective rate of gold hook fishing group was 90.0% (27/30), better than the reinforcing-reducing group 83.3% (25/30, P<0.05); VAS pain score, ROM score and ADL score before and after treatment in the two groups were improved to some extent (P<0.05), and scores in the golden hook fishing group were improved more significantly compared with reinforcing-reducing group (P<0.05). Conclusion Zheng’s gold hook fishing acupuncture can effectively improve the clinical symptoms and signs of patients with scapulohumeral periarthritis and their life quality.